Proper documentation is critical for welding quality management. This article outlines key documents and records to track before, during and after welding to ensure compliance and traceability.
Before Welding
- Welding Procedure Specification (WPS): Written instructions that detail joint design, base material, filler metal, preheat, interpass temperature and other essential variables for a specific weld.
- Procedure Qualification Record (PQR): Documentation that verifies a WPS by recording test results of welds made under that procedure.
- Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ): Test records proving a welder can produce acceptable welds using a given WPS.
- Material Test Reports (MTRs): Mill-provided certificates showing chemical and mechanical properties of base materials and filler metals.
- Joint Fit Up Plan: Plan or drawing showing how parts will be aligned, tack welded and prepared before welding begins.
During Welding
- Welder Identification Log: List associating each weld with the specific welder who performed it.
- Inspection Reports: Records from fit up, visual and in‑process inspections, noting any deviations or repairs.
- Weld Map: Diagram or table identifying every weld on a structure with references to WPS, welder ID and inspection results.
- Preheat & Interpass Log: Temperature records documenting that preheat and interpass temperatures met procedure requirements.
After Welding
- Non‑Destructive Testing (NDT) Reports: Results from radiographic, ultrasonic, magnetic particle or dye penetrant testing.
- Repair Log: Documentation of any weld repairs, including cause, corrective actions and re‑inspection results.
- Non‑Conformance Reports (NCRs) and Corrective Action Reports (CARs): Forms used to document deviations from requirements and describe actions taken to prevent recurrence.
Digital Documentation & Templates
Digital tools such as project management systems and cloud storage make it easier to organize and retrieve welding records. Standardized templates for MTR logs, weld maps and NCR/CAR forms help ensure consistency. Use of tablets or mobile devices can streamline data collection in the field.
Thorough documentation supports quality management systems, demonstrates compliance to inspectors and customers, and provides traceability when issues arise. By maintaining clear records before, during and after welding, fabricators and inspectors can uphold high standards and improve efficiency.